Disclosure

Penn State College of Medicine is committed to offering CME programs that promote improvements or quality in health care and are developed free of the control of commercial interests. Reasonable efforts have been taken to ensure that our programs are balanced, independent, objective, scientific, and in compliance with regulatory requirements. Faculty and course directors have disclosed all relevant financial relationships with commercial companies, and Penn State has a process in place to resolve any conflict of interest. Disclosure of a relationship is not intended to suggest or condone bias, but is made to provide participants with information that might be of potential importance to their evaluation of this educational activity. 
 
Penn State College of Medicine staff and faculty involved in the development and review of this activity have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
 
The following contributors disclose:
 
George Arnaoutakis, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Boston Medical, Inc.
 
Faisal Bakaeen, MD
Royalties/Patents:  Jace Medical
 
Thomas Beaver, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Gore, Cryolife
 
Bryan Burt, MD
Research Grant:  AstraZeneca, Momotaro-Gene Inc.
Stock Ownership:  Bayou Surgical
 
Andrew Chang, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Biostage
 
Jonathan Chen, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic, Gore
 
Danny Chu, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corporation, Japanese Organization for Medical Device Development, Inc., The Osler Institute
Employment Affiliation:  Wolters Kluwer Health
 
Joseph Cleveland Jr., MD
Research Grant:  Abbott Medical
 
Robbin Cohen, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic
Speakers Bureau:  Edwards Heart Valve, Medtronic
 
David Cooper, MD
Speakers Bureau:  AstraZeneca, Mallinckrodt, Medtronic, Synagis
 
Thomas D’Amico, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Scanlan Instruments
 
Daniel Engelman, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Astute Medical, Edwards Lifesciences, Zimmer Biomet
 
Mark Ferguson, MD
Employment Affiliation:  Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Royalties/Patents:  Elsevier, Springer
 
Sidharta Gangadharan, MD
Research Grant:  On Target Laboratories
 
T. Sloane Guy, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Verb Surgical/Ethicon, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Intuitive Surgical
 
Wayne Hofstetter, MD
Research Grant:  Johnson & Johnson
Consultant/Advisor:  NeuWave
Speakers Bureau:  Boston Scientific
 
James Isbell, MD
Stock Ownership:  LumaCyte, LLC
 
Tsuyoshi Kaneko, MD
Speakers Bureau:  Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abbott, Baylis Medical
 
Anthony Kim, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic, Roche Genentech
 
Min Kim, MD
Speakers Bureau:  Intuitive Surgical, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Veran
 
Jules Lin, MD
Speakers Bureau:  Intuitive Surgical
 
S. Chris Malaisrie, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Cryolife
Speakers Bureau:  Terumo, Baxter
 
M. Blair Marshall, MD
Speakers Bureau:  Ethicon:  Johnson & Johnson
 
John Mayer, Jr., MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic, 
Stock Ownership:  Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Inc., Eli Lilly
 
HelenMari Merritt-Genore, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Atricure
 
Robert Merrit, MD
Speakers Bureau:  Intuitive Surgical
 
Daniel Miller, MD
Speakers Bureau:  Acute Innovations, Inc.
Consultant/Advisor:  Ethicon, Inc.
 
John Mitchell, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic
 
Nahush Mokadam, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic, Abbott, SynCardia
 
Gabe Owens, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  HistoSonics, Inc.
 
Jay Pal, MD
Research Grant:  Medtronic
 
Thomas Reece, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Terumo, Gore, McKesson
 
Edward Sako, MD
Stock Ownership:  Medtronic
 
Joseph Shrager, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Carefusion/Becton Dickinson
Research Grant:  Varian, Inc.
Stock Ownership:  Chest Innovations, Inc.
 
Brendon Stiles, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  AstraZeneca, Medtronic, Lung Cancer Research Foundation
Speakers Bureau:  AstraZeneca, Medtronic
Employment Affiliation:  Pfizer, PPI (spouse)
Stock Ownership:  PPI (spouse)
 
Thoralf Sundt, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medpace
 
Betty Tong, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic
 
Michael Weyant, MD
Consultant/Advisor:  Medtronic
 
All other contributors/question writers involved in the development of this activity have reported no financial relationship to disclose.